Passing. Passing Is A Transcendental Novel That Its Focus

Passing Passing is a transcendental novel that its focus is not encompassed only in a unique group of people, but embraces and approaches a cross section of diverse categories involving sexuality, gender, â€Å"race,† and class distinction. All the non-accepted characteristics by society converge in Irene and Clare Kendry who are the main characters in Passing. Irene and Clare are Black light-skinned women who show an implicit sexual tension in their comments to each other. Furthermore, they address their lives in different directions. Clare decides to pass as a White woman and marry a White wealthy racist man who provides her a class and social stability, while Irene marries a Black doctor, and live a faà §ade of a happy marriage; although Clare†¦show more content†¦The question of identity might seem blurry since Clare and Irene are defined by non-traditional standards. Nonetheless, the key point is uniqueness, these characters cannot be oversimplified or stereotyped accor ding to their complexion or sexuality since they have a duality in â€Å"race,† for they can pass as white women. The author †¦ mentions, â€Å"Through the character of Clare, her body, and her actions, Passing deals with the binaries of race (black/white), gender (woman/man), sexuality (heterosexual/ homosexual), (13) and class (working-class/middle-class)† (Larsen 35). In the case of Clare, the reader can observe how Clare can camouflage in different scenarios whether with her sexuality, with her â€Å"race,† or maintaining a conversation with lower class individuals. Irene’s duality is subtle, she passes as a white woman, so she can enter to places like the Drayton without being perturbed, and her sexuality is a mystery. Clare Kendry and Irene have different points of view when it comes to the ideology of â€Å"race.† Irene is proud of being Black, and for her having a bond with her family and friends is primordial. On the other hand, Clare Kendry is not attached to any physical or blood belonging. However, both can have the privileges of being â€Å"multiracial.† An author †¦says, Physical features, namely skin color, are linked to attributes of intellect and behavior, establishing aShow MoreRelatedThe Book The Gift, By Vladimir Nabokov And Viktor Shklovsky2280 Words   |  10 Pagesemulate their experiences in both their lives in Russia and away from their home country. Such writers, Vladimir Nabokov and Viktor Shklovsky, while not overtly stating their experiences in exile in their work, clearly derive much from their lives. 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Essay about Ethical Issues of Human Cloning - 2729 Words

The word cloning is commonly used in everyday communication to mean many different technological procedures. Cloning is more specifically defined as somatic cell nuclear transfer. Simply explained by Glenn McGee in his article Primer on Ethics and Human Cloning as the starvation and subsequent implantation of DNA from one organism (e.g., cells specialized to make that organisms hair or milk) into an egg whose DNA nucleus has been removed. The resulting egg and nucleus are shocked or chemically treated so that the egg begins to behave as though fertilization has occurred, resulting in the beginning of embryonic development of a second organism containing the entire genetic code of the first organism, (........).This method was first†¦show more content†¦For example, cloning all star athletes could make the perfect team to annihilate the competition at championship year after year. The devastated could once again hold their lost loved ones in their arms. On a more extreme leve l, an army of unstoppably strong, fierce, and firm clone soldiers could be created to fight and secure our freedom. As appealing as this sounds, there are unwavering qualities that shatter this reverie. A clone is nothing more than an exact copy of the original beings genes. And genes determine nothing more than appearance and make up. Moreover, genes do not determine us as humans entirely. Our raising, environment, experience, trials and errors, mold us into the psychological unique beings that we are. This fact stands true in both humans and animals. A tangible example of already existing evidence lies in those of identical twins. Both have the same DNA yet it becomes apparent as the twins develop that they remain very different in personality. Since twins are raised mostly together in the same environment with the same discipline and still grow into two entirely different people proves that it is more likely that clones would be even further different than their original copy. (. ...) confirms this by saying since environment has a profound influence on development, human clones likely would be different in terms of personality and other characteristics, (.....). He goes on to boldly say, becauseShow MoreRelatedHuman Cloning And Its Ethical Issues1194 Words   |  5 Pagesarguments in the world about human cloning and its ethical issues. In an issue there will always be pros and cons, but the question is, is this experiment right for humanity? This paper will give in detail about what is cloning, human cloning and how it is done. It will provide my point of view in this topic and two other different arguments from both sides of the issue and finally determine which ones are great arguments. 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Principles of Financial Markets Peromance Evaluation

Question: Describe about the Report for Principles of Financial Markets and it's Peromance Evaluation . Answer: Introduction: Company peromance evaluation and monitoring is important from the perspective of many different stakeholders. There are various methods to analyse the companies.This report carries out the top down and bottom up analysis of the Rex (Regional Express) and Virgin Australia. The Top-down analysis discusses about the economic, industry, and company analysis. The economic analysis includes the different kind of economic indicators such as interest rate, inflation, GDP, and value of the currency that affect the profitability of Rex and Virgin Australia. In industry and company analysis the internal and external factors are discussed that affect the performance of both companies. The bottom-up analysis of Rex and Virgin Australia presents the financial performance of the Rex and Virgin Australia through the analysis of different ratios such as liquidity, profitability, efficiency, capital structure, and market performance ratio. These ratios are used to determine the performance and profitability of the compan y Companys history and mission statement: Rex Airlines: The Rex (Regional Express) is Australia's largest regional airline company. It was established in the year 2002, when Australian airlines acquired Kendell and Hazelton airlines. The Rex operates its business in different countries for the providing the facility of transportation. The total revenue of Rex in the year 2016 is 261,906 ($000). The mission statement of the company is We are committed to providing our customers with safe and reliable air transportation with heartfelt hospitality. As a regional carrier, we constantly strive to keep fares low through our commitment to simplicity, efficiency, and good value. We are committed to treating our customers as individuals and will respond to all their comments and complaints (Regional Express, 2016). Virgin Australia: Virgin Australia was launched in the year 2000, as Virgin blue. The Virgin Australia is the second largest airline company in Australia. The company provides its services in 29 Australian cities and the revenue of the company in year 2015 is AU$4.7 billion. The mission statement of Virgin Australia is our mission to become Australias favorite airline group by building on our loyal customer base (Virgin Australia, 2015). Top-down Analysis of Rex and Virgin Australia: Top-down analysis is a tool of the macro analysis of the organization that includes the economy analysis, sector analysis, and company analysis. This analysis helps the investors in selection of stock portfolio, which described below: Economy analysis: Economic analysis is a systematic approach that includes the external factors of the economy, which affects the performance of the organization. Along with this, economic factors are inflation rate, interest rate, the value of currency, and GDP. Inflation rate: Inflation rate is an important factor of an economy that indicates a rate at which price of goods and services are rising and the power of the currency is decreasing. The rate of inflation in Australia was 1% and 1.5% in the year 2016 and 2015 respectively. This shows that in the year 2016 the rate of inflation is lower in comparison to year 2015 (Trading Economics, 2016). Through this, Australia airline service industry can take the benefit of low inflation rate such as airline companies Rex and Virgin Australia purchases more airline product and services for their development. Interest rate: the Interest rate is a rate that a borrower paid to the lender for the use of lenders funds. The current rate of interest in Australia is 1.5% in the year 2016 and 2% in the year 2015, which is decreases in year 2016 (Reserve Bank Australia, 2016). So, airlines companies can achieve the benefit of the low-interest rate by the using funds in its operations. Current value of $AUD: the current value of 1$ AUD is equal to 0.7514 USD, which depicts that the value of Australian dollar is less in comparison to US dollar. This has the both positive and negative impact on the whole Australia airline industry (X rates, 2016). Due to decrease in the exchange rate, the profit of both the companies Rex and Virgin Australia is going down because exchange rate affects the price of fuel, which has a greater impact on both companies airfares. Current GDP: Gross domestic product is a quantitative measurement tool that measures the total economic activities of a country. The current GDP rate of Australia is 3.1% in year 2016 that is higher in comparison to year 2015. This higher GDP rate shows that the economic activities of Australia are increases (Scutt, 2016). Along with this, the Australian service industry has 68% contribution in its GDP. The revenue of Rex and virgin Australia is increasing that has greater impact on the Australian GDP and disposable income. Due to this, the demand of Rex and Virgin Australias air travel are increasing rapidly. Industry analysis: Porters Five Forces Analysis of the Airlines Industry in the Australia It helps to determine the industrys strength and weakness. It represents the industry structure of an organization. This porters five forces are used to determine that which products, service, and business give profit to the company. It too helps to understand about competitive market, position and strength or weakness about themselves, while strength or weakness of competitor. Bargaining power of buyers: The bargaining power of buyers will be high if the buyers have the alternative option and if buyers dont have many options to chose then bargaining power will low. The Two type of buyers travels in the flights. First, those travel individually. Moreover, these type of buyers purchases ticket due to many reasons that can be business related or personal (Moreno et al, 2015). They purchase the tickets from the specific airlines. Second types of buyers buy tickets through the travel agency or online portals. Organization keeps low switching cost system just because many buyers choose the flight based on distance, area, and cost at the time. Every airline has a niche, few airlines concentrate on cost, while others focus on the facilities and features. Buyers always get information and detail that what are provided during traveling in the flight and focus on safety and cost. Bargaining power of suppliers: Airline industry is affected by various elements such as fuel, aircraft, and labor. The price of Fuel fluctuates according to the global market and geopolitical factors. Along with this, labor affects the bargaining power of supplier due to the reason of employees and unionism (Halpern and Graham, 2013). Third, manufacturers play a vital role in bargaining power because airline depends on the manufacturers of aircraft such as biggies, Airbus, and Boeing. This is the reason of the power of suppliers, high and low power depends on these elements. Entry and exit barriers: The airline industry required a huge capital to enter in the market and whenever airlines have to exit from the market, they have to bear high losses. It can be said that enter and exit both are barriers for the airline industry. For entering into the industry needs huge capital with sophisticated knowledge and experience. It is too difficult to exit the industry because of investing huge capital. Existing airline can drive its business with low level rather than exit, when the assets are specialized. The threat of substitute: There are no substitute threats for the airline industry in the Australia. Furthermore, consumers do not journey by the bus or train. It means that flying is a normal travelling phenomenon for the Australian consumers. The substitutes train and bus dont impact on airlines industry. Rivalry among competitor: Airlines industry has many competitors in the Australia. Because, low cost carriers, strict regulation of the industry wherein safety becomes high priority, which leads to high operating expenses. Apart from this, supply side is more than demand side in airline industry. Competitors have to do different things to get competitive advantage (Farabi, 2012). Due to competition, an airlines company has declined their cost and provides unique services, which are never provided by other airlines. Company analysis: Company analysis is the analysis of the organizations internal environment, which describes the strengths and weakness of the organization. The Rex has the strong brand image and market share in Australia through the implementing CSR activities. Along with this, the management team of Rex Airline is also able in reducing the cost of the company and expanding its business through the identifying new routes where company can provide its services. Another, strengths of the Rex is its parent company Australian Airline pilot academy that provides an in house supply of pilots to company (Virgin Australia, 2015). Apart from this, Virgin Australia also has the good brand image because it operates its business at global level and company is on first rank in service delivery on time. This increases the market share and profitability of company. Furthermore, Virgin provides high quality services to its customers at low prices that make company different from its competitors brands. On the other hand, Rex Airlines has the some weaknesses that affect the performance of the company. The history of Australian airline industry is negative that force Rex and Virgin to deliver discounted services. The Rex airlines are not able in maintaining its operating costs such as airport cost and jet fuel prices that increase the cost and affects the profitability of company (Regional Express, 2014). But Virgin airlines focus on its operating costs that increase the brand image and profitability of Virgin in Australia. Moreover, the cost of employees turnover is respectively high in Virgin Australia in comparison of Rex Airline. Bottom up Analysis of Rex and Virgin Australia: Name of ratio (Rex) Regional express (2016) $ m Virgin Australia (2016)$ m Industry average Liquidity ratio: current ratio = Current assets / current liabilities 1.034249385 0.6164832 0.59 Current Assets 60,516 1,713,700 Current Liabilities 58,512 2,779,800 Quick ratio = current assets - inventories/ current liabilities 0.311320755 0.599961148 0.54 Current Assets 60,516 1,713,700 Current Liabilities 58,512 2,779,800 Inventory 42,300 45,928 Profitability ratio: Gross profit margin = gross profit/ revenue * 100 35.29641987 79.56555749 Gross profit 91,087 3,966,900 revenue 258,063 4,985,700 Net profit margin= net profit / revenue * 100 3.703359257 5.232966284 5.35% Net profit 9,557 260,900 revenue 258,063 4,985,700 Operating profit margin ratio = Operating profit / revenue * 100 10.87137637 5.862767515 Operating profit 28,055 292,300 revenue 258,063 4,985,700 Efficiency Ratio: Trade receivable turnover ratio=average trade receivable/ revenue *365 11.34618291 18.52412381 18.465 average trade rec. 8,022 223 cost of sale 258,063 4,394 Sale revenue to capital employed = sales revenue / capital employed 4.458971922 1.528886845 sales revenue 258,063 4,985,700 capital employed 57875 3261000 Capital structure ratio: Debt to equity ratio = total liabilities / total equity * 100 145.3422292 662.5863771 183.76 Total liabilities 271,867 6,040,800 Total equity 187,053 911,700 Capital Gearing ratio = long term debt / capital employed * 100 51.16198704 64.37289175 Long term debt 29,610 2,099,200 Capital employed 57875 3261000 Market Performance ratio: Earnings per share= net income available to shareholder/weighted average share outstanding*100 4.406299852 7.399999319 39.53% net income available to shareholder 9,557 260,900 weighted average share outstanding 216,894 3,525,676 Price earnings ratio= MPS/EPS 4.22 3.42 5.94% Market price per share 0.76 0.24 Earning price per share 0.18 0.07 Liquidity ratio: Liquidity ratio helps in measuring the capacity of company for paying its debt. Current ratio: Current ratio indicates the relationship between companys current assets and current liabilities. Along with this, it also measures the liquidity of the company for paying its short term and long term obligations (Gibson, 2012). As above table the current ratio of Rex and Virgin Australia is 1.03 and .616 for year 2016. It states that the current ratio of the Rex is higher than Virgin Australia, which shows that the ability of Rex is high to meet its short term obligations. Quick ratio: Quick ratio indicates the liquidity position of the company to meet its short term liabilities. The quick ratio of Rex is .311 and quick ratio of Virgin Australia is .599 respectively in year 2016. It shows that the quick ratio of virgin Australia is higher than Rex (Morningstar, 2016); it indicates that the liquidity position of Virgin Australia is good to meet its short term liabilities. Profitability ratio: Profitability ratio measures the efficiency of the company to create the profit from its operation activities. Here, two type of ratio are calculated for determining the profitability of Rex and Virgin Australia, which are as below: Gross profit margin ratio: Gross profit margin ratio indicates the ability of company to meet its future liabilities. On the basis of above table the gross profit ratio of Rex and virgin Australia is 35.29 and 79.56 respectively in year 2016. Here, the ratio of the virgin Australia is higher than the Rex, which indicates that Virgin is highly able to meet its future liabilities (Lasher, 2013). Therefore, Virgin performs its regular activities smoothly to meet future responsibilities more effectively. Net profit margin ratio: Net profit ratio measures the net income of the company by managing its expenses. The net profit of company can increase through the cutting down cost and generating more profit. Above table indicates that the net profit ratio of Rex and Virgin Australia for year 2016 is 3.70 and 5.23 respectively. It shows that the ratio of Rex is low in comparison of Virgin (Rex, 2016). For the increasing the ratio company should maintain its expenses and reduces its operations cost. Operating profit margin ratio: Operating profit ratio helps the company in determine its pricing strategy. The high operating profit ratio indicates that the strong financial position of company from the cutting down its operating expenses (Drake and Fabozzi, 2012). In the above table operating profit margin ratio of Rex is higher than Virgin Australia. It shows that pricing strategy of Virgin is not effective and company is not able to maintain its operating cost. Apart from this, Rex can increase its operating profit by the cutting down its operating expenses. Efficiency Ratio: Company invests capital in various assets to get profit and generate sales. This ratio measures the efficiency of the assets (Gibson, 2012). Furthermore, efficiency ratio shows the ability of organization to convert its assets into profit. Trade Receivable turnover ratio: This ratio shows the portion of credit sale which are not collected. On the basis of above table, the trade receivable turnover ratio of Rex is 11.34618291and virgin Australia is 18.52. From this analysis, it can be said that virgin Australias efficiency to collect payment is better than regional express. Sales revenue to capital employed: Sale revenue to capital employee ratio of regional express is 11.34 and virgin Australia is 18.54. This revenue represents the efficiency of the company in generating profit and sales from assets. High sale revenue ratio is more effective than the low sale revenue ratio (Morningstar, 2016). The sales revenue to capita employed of regional express is less than the virgin Australia; it is showing that that Virgin Australia is more capable to make profit and sales as compared to Regional Express. Capital Structure Ratio: Capital structure ration calculates for measuring the long-term paying capacity and financial position of the company. These ratios are calculated to know the paying capacity, when company gives regular interests and dividends. Debt to equity ratio: This ratio plays a vital role in the company to know about paying capacity to long term loan and get more loan. Debt to equity ratio of regional express is 145.3422 whereas the virgin Australia is 662.5863771. Furthermore, this ratio measures the financial risk of the organization. Financial risk of the virgin Australia is more than regional express because, its ratio is higher than regional express. Capital gearing ratio: The capital-gearing ratio of regional express is 51.16 and virgin is 64.372. Apart from this, it indicates the proportion of fixed cost and the equity capital. If organization has, high gearing ratio than it would be good for the organization because, it shows that organization has incurred low cost (Rex, 2016). It can be said that capital-gearing ratio of regional express is not better than virgin Australia. Market performance ratio: Market performance ratio measures the market performance of the company and it also describes the earning of shareholders by investment activity. Along with this, for analyzing the market performance of Rex and Virgin Australia, earning per share and price earnings ratio is discussed as below: Earnings per share ratio: Earning per share ratio measures the market performance and profitability of the organization. It also shows the net income of the shareholders that is earned per share (Madura, 2011). From the above analysis can be determined that the earning per share ratio of Virgin is higher in comparison of Rex, which is 7.36 and 4.40 respectively in year 2016. It means the profitability of virgin is excellent that influence the investors towards the company. Price earnings ratio: Price earnings ratio describes the relationship between earning per share and price earnings ratio. The price earnings ratio of Rex and Virgin for the year 2016 is 4.22 and 3.42 respectively (Rex, 2016). It shows that the price earnings ratio of Rex is higher than the Virgin, which helps the Rex in determining the future market price of shares. Conclusion: On the basis of above report, it can be concluded that Economic factor of the Australia affects the financial performance of both companies. Decrease in the inflation rate increases the profitability of both airlines company. Apart from this, the rate of interest in Australia is decreases that affect the profitability of company and due to decrease in the value of $AUD the profit of both the company is decreasing. The virgin and Rex has good brand image in market due to using cost effective strategy and implementing CSR activities. On the other hand, on the basis of Bottom up analysis it is analyzed that Profitability and efficiency ratio of the Virgin Australia is higher in comparison of Rex. This indicates that the financial position of Virgin is better than Rex. Recommendation: Rex and Virgin Australia should try to maintain flexibility in their operating activities that can reduce the cost of company. Along with this, company should change its strategy according to change in the government policies, rules and regulations such as change in interest rate, inflation rate, GDP, and value of $AUD. This can increases the profitability of both the companies by the reducing their cost. From the above analysis it is found that the profitability of Rex is lower so it should focus on cutting down its expenses. Further, company should collect its debt from the market quickly that will improve its liquidity position. Reference: Drake, P. and Fabozzi, F. (2012) Analysis of Financial Statements. USA: John Wiley Sons. Farabi, Y. (2012) Analysis of Marketing Environment of Virgin Australia. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Gibson, C. (2012) Financial Reporting and Analysis. USA: Cengage Learning. Halpern, N. and Graham, A. (2013) Airport Marketing. UK: Routledge. Lasher, W. (2013) Practical Financial Management . USA: Cengage Learning. Madura, J., (2011)International financial management. Australia: Cengage Learning Moreno, L., Ramon, A. and Pedreno, A. (2015) The Development of Low-cost Airlines and Tourism as a Competitiveness Complement or: Effects, Evolution and Strategies.Journal of Spatial and Organizational Dynamics,3(4), pp.262-274. Morningstar (2016) Virgin Australia Holdings Ltd. [Online]. Available at: https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=VAH (Accessed on 15 September 2016). Regional Express (2014) ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2014 REGIONAL EXPRESS HOLDINGS LIMITED. [Online]. Available at: https://www.rex.com.au/AboutRex/InvestorRelations/img/AR_FY1314.pdf (Accessed on 15 September 2016). Regional Express (2016) Value statement. [Online]. Available at: https://www.rex.com.au/AboutRex/OurCompany/ValueStatement.aspx (Accessed on 15 September 2016). Reserve Bank Australia (2016) Interest Rate Decisions 2016. [online]. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/media-releases/2015/mr-15-23.html (Accessed on 14 September 2016). Rex (2016) ANNUAL REPORT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2016 REGIONAL EXPRESS HOLDINGS LIMITED. [Online]. Available at: https://www.rex.com.au/AboutRex/InvestorRelations/img/AR_FY1516.pdf (Accessed on 15 September 2016). Scutt, D. (2016) Australian economic growth is roaring. [Online]. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/australia-q1-gdp-report-2016-6 (Accessed on 15 September 2016). Trading Economics (2016) Australia Inflation Rate. [Online]. Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/inflation-cpi (Accessed on 14 September 2016). Virgin Australia (2015) Virgin Australia Group Annual Report 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.virginaustralia.com/cs/groups/internetcontent/@wc/documents/webcontent/~edisp/annual-report-2015.pdf (Accessed on 14 September 2016). X rates (2016) Australian Dollar Rates table. [Online]. Available at: https://www.xrates.com/table/?from=AUDamount=1 (Accessed on 15 September 2016).

The misuse of freedom of speech free essay sample

Freedom of speech is one of the fundamental rights enshrined in the constitutions of all the democratic countries of the world. It is considered the most important article and right in the modern state, as it lies down the foundation of free, vibrant and democratic society. However, in the recent events this precious right has been violated by both the media and the general public, they can do whatever they want. In other words, media and general public misuse and misinterpret freedom of speech; therefore, there should be some limitations on freedom of speech. For me, the right to Freedom of speech is about more than citizens utilizing the right to speak freely to their fullest potential; it is about utilizing our rights responsibly. The media on the other hand missus’s freedom of speech the most, some people, mostly politicians use the media to voice their opinions. There have been times when politicians had given hateful speech about the president without anything being censored. We will write a custom essay sample on The misuse of freedom of speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There was a Facebook page made by someone, I’m not sure if it still exist, but it was about how much someone hates Pres. Obama and that who so ever feels the same can join and state their opinion. That alone tells you how misuse the freedom of speech is. Regardless of Pres. Obama being the president of the nation, he’s a human being with feelings, he has love ones who would be hurt to read or hear such things about him. The freedom of expression doesn’t mean that we can and should say what ever we want wherever we want; we should put some limits to free speech if it threatens to harm other individuals and groups of people. In other countries around the world In conclusion, freedom of speech must be curbed if media and general public misuse it. There are many causes of misuse of freedom of speech by media and public. However, if the above-mentioned suggestions are taken into consideration, the situation will improve. Freedom of speech is precious right. Many countries do not have this valuable right. therefore; media and general public should use it responsibly

Bacteria Classification By Gram Staining Essay Research free essay sample

Bacteria Classification By Gram Staining Essay, Research Paper Bacteria Classification By Gram Staining THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT SCIENCE 453: Biology FOR ENGINEERS REPORT No.1 Presented By: Karim A. Zaklama 92-1509 Sci. 453-01 24/2/96 Aim: To prove a sample of research lab prepared bacteriums and categorize it harmonizing to Christian? s gm positive and gram negative categories and besides by sing it under a high powered microscope and oil submergences ; sort its form and note any particular features. Introduction: Bacteria was categorised into two groups in 1884 by the Danish Bacteriologist Christian, gm positive and gram negative by a staining technique where the ability to avoid de-coloration of Crystal Violet solution by intoxicant would render the class of gm positive, and gram negative if the bacteriums is de-coloured. This could be noted by the concluding coloring material of the bacteriums: a violet coloring material where Gram positive and a pink coloring material of the Safranin added pending the de-colouring procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on Bacteria Classification By Gram Staining Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Materials: 1. Bacteria Sample 2. Microscope Slide 3. Gram Staining Kit and Wash Bottles a. Crystal Violet Solution b. Iodine Solution c. 95 % Ethyl Alcohol vitamin D. Safranin e. Distilled Water 4. Bibulous Blotting Paper 5. Microscope 6. Oil Procedure: A. Preparation: 1. Bacteria is cultivated on agar jelly in an brooder at 25? C for 24 hours. 2. Obtain a microscope slide and with a toothpick, smear a thin coat of the bacteriums sample onto the slide 3. Cover the smear with a bead Crystal Violet and go forth standing for 20 seconds 4. Wash off the discoloration with distilled H2O ; drain and smudge off the extra with boozy paper. 5. Use Gram? s Iodine on the vilification and leave to stand for 1 minute. 6. Drain the extra I and use 95 % Ethyl intoxicant for 20 2nd continuance or till the intoxicant runs clearly from the slide. 7. The vilification should rinsed for a few seconds with distilled H2O to halt the action of the intoxicant. 8. Drain and smudge off the extra with boozy 9. Introduce Safranin to the vilification and leave standing for 20 seconds. 10. Wash off the discoloration with distilled H2O ; drain and smudge off the extra with boozy paper. 11. Leave the slide to air prohibitionists. B. Examination: 1. Put the slide under microscope on low powered lens. 2. Travel the slide utilizing the setup until the sample can be seen as a fuzz under the microscope. 3. F ocus the lens to guarantee that there is a sample straight under the lens. 4. Move to higher powered lens, repeat measure 3. 5. Travel to higher powered lens, repeat measure 3 6. Move microscope aside and add Oil submergence, leave for a few seconds and re-examine the slide. Note Shape and coloring material and any other observations. Consequences and Observations: It was apparent by ocular scrutiny that the intoxicant was de-colouring or a least partly de-colouring the bacterium. The sample appeared a dark pink or shut to violet by the bare oculus ; a microscope was needed to guarantee consequences. Under the low powered microscope sunglassess of pink were noted. Under the medium power, the sunglassess were more clear but no form could be made out. Under the high powered microscope bunchs of pink rod ( B ) shaped bacteriums cells could be observed. Under Oil Immersion and high powered lens the cells could seen more separated out and therefore a clearer indicant of the pink coloring material, bacilli form and spores could be made out in the single cells. Decision: The Shape was noted as Bacilli ( Rod-like ) shaped cells ; a gm variable form, distinct in either Gram Negative or Gram positive bacteriums. The concluding coloring material of the cells were stained pink by the Safranin screening the de-coloration of the crystal violet turn outing the bacterium is of the gm negative category. Under oil submergence the cells became more thin and under the high powered lens of the microscope spores could be seen, as small bubbles, in the cells. This tells us that the bacterium was in its terminal province. The presence of spores in the bacterium at its terminal province Tells us that the bacteriums could be an old civilization. Old bacterium civilizations which are gm positive tend to de-colour, yet more easy than gram negative bacteriums. The velocity of de-coloration was non inspected really clearly therefore no farther decision could be reached, yet it is possible that this an old civilization of Bacilli shaped Gram Positive bacterium. Recommendation: It is recommended that the same sample be tested once more for de- colour ; concentrating on de-coloration velocity. If the de-coloration is fast so the sample is decidedly gram negative, slow de-coloration would state us it is gm positive. For future samples it would be recommended to maintain the bacterium sample for this specific trial for merely 16 hours every bit recommended to avoid the presence of old civilizations which are anomalous to this trial.

How To Calculate Avogadros Number Experimentally

How To Calculate Avogadro's Number Experimentally Avogadros number isnt a mathematically derived unit. The number of particles in a mole of a material is determined experimentally. This method uses electrochemistry to make the determination. You may wish to review the working of electrochemical cells before attempting this experiment. Purpose The objective is to make an experimental measurement of Avogadros number. Introduction A mole can be defined as the gram formula mass of a substance or the atomic mass of an element in grams. In this experiment, electron flow (amperage or current) and time are measured in order to obtain the number of electrons passing through the electrochemical cell. The number of atoms in a weighed sample is related to electron flow to calculate Avogadros number. In this electrolytic cell, both electrodes are copper and the electrolyte is 0.5 M H2SO4. During electrolysis, the copper electrode (anode) connected to the positive pin of the power supply loses mass as the copper atoms are converted to copper ions. The loss of mass may be visible as pitting of the surface of the metal electrode. Also, the copper ions pass into the water solution and tint it blue. At the other electrode (cathode), hydrogen gas is liberated at the surface through the reduction of hydrogen ions in the aqueous sulfuric acid solution. The reaction is:2 H(aq) 2 electrons - H2(g)This experiment is based on the mass loss of the copper anode, but it is also possible to collect the hydrogen gas that is evolved and use it to calculate Avogadros number. Materials A direct current source (battery or power supply)Insulated wires and possibly alligator clips to connect the cells2 Electrodes (e.g., strips of copper, nickel, zinc, or iron)250-ml beaker of 0.5 M H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)WaterAlcohol (e.g., methanol or isopropyl alcohol)A small beaker of 6 M HNO3 (nitric acid)Ammeter or multimeterStopwatchAn analytical balance capable of measuring to nearest 0.0001 gram Procedure Obtain two copper electrodes. Clean the electrode to be used as the anode by immersing it in 6 M HNO3 in a fume hood for 2-3 seconds. Remove the electrode promptly or the acid will destroy it. Do not touch the electrode with your fingers. Rinse the electrode with clean tap water. Next, dip the electrode into a beaker of alcohol. Place the electrode onto a paper towel. When the electrode is dry, weigh it on an analytical balance to the nearest 0.0001 gram. The apparatus looks superficially like this diagram of an electrolytic cell except that you are using two beakers connected by an ammeter rather than having the electrodes together in a solution. Take beaker with 0.5 M H2SO4 (corrosive!) and place an electrode in each beaker. Before making any connections be sure the power supply is off and unplugged (or connect the battery last). The power supply is connected to the ammeter in series with the electrodes. The positive pole of the power supply is connected to the anode. The negative pin of the ammeter is connected to the anode (or place the pin in the solution if you are concerned about the change in mass from an alligator clip scratching the copper). The cathode is connected to the positive pin of the ammeter. Finally, the cathode of the electrolytic cell is connected to the negative post of the battery or power supply. Remember, the mass of the anode will begin to change as soon as you turn the power on, so have your stopwatch ready ! You need accurate current and time measurements. The amperage should be recorded at one minute (60 sec) intervals. Be aware that the amperage may vary over the course of the experiment due to changes in the electrolyte solution, temperature, and position of the electrodes. The amperage used in the calculation should be an average of all readings. Allow the current to flow for a minimum of 1020 seconds (17.00 minutes). Measure the time to the nearest second or fraction of a second. After 1020 seconds (or longer) turn off the power supply record the last amperage value and the time. Now you retrieve the anode from the cell, dry it as before by immersing it in alcohol and allowing it to dry on a paper towel, and weigh it. If you wipe the anode you will remove copper from the surface and invalidate your work! If you can, repeat the experiment using the same electrodes. Sample Calculation The following measurements were made: Anode mass lost: 0.3554 grams (g)Current(average): 0.601 amperes (amp)Time of electrolysis: 1802 seconds (s) Remember:One ampere 1 coulomb/second or one amp.s 1 coulombThe charge of one electron is 1.602 x 10-19  coulomb Find the total charge passed through the circuit.(0.601 amp)(1 coul/1amp-s)(1802 s) 1083  coulCalculate the number of electrons in the electrolysis.(1083 coul)(1 electron/1.6022 x 1019coul) 6.759 x 1021  electronsDetermine the number of copper atoms lost from the anode.The electrolysis process consumes two electrons per copper ion formed. Thus, the number of copper (II) ions formed is half the number of electrons.Number of Cu2  ions  ½ number of electrons measuredNumber of Cu2  ions (6.752 x 1021  electrons)(1 Cu2  / 2 electrons)Number of Cu2  ions 3.380 x 1021  Cu2  ionsCalculate the number of copper ions per gram of copper from the number of copper ions above and the mass of copper ions produced.The mass of the copper ions produced is equal to the mass loss of the anode. (The mass of the electrons is so small as to be negligible, so the mass of the copper (II) ions is the same as the mass of copper atoms.)mass loss of electrode mass of Cu2  ions 0.3554 g3.380 x 1021  Cu2  ions / 0.3544g 9.510 x 1021  Cu2  ions/g 9.510 x 1021  Cu atoms/g Calculate the number of copper atoms in a mole of copper, 63.546 grams.Cu atoms/mole of Cu (9.510 x 1021  copper atoms/g copper)(63.546 g/mole copper)Cu atoms/mole of Cu 6.040 x 1023  copper atoms/mole of copperThis is the students  measured  value of  Avogadros  number!Calculate percent error.Absolute error: |6.02 x 1023  - 6.04 x 1023  | 2 x 1021Percent error: (2 x 10 21 / 6.02 x 10 23)(100) 0.3 %

American beauty and Existentialism Movie Review

American beauty and Existentialism - Movie Review Example The continual struggle of Lester Burnham regarding the meaning of life eventually endows him with the freedom to assume total responsibility for his life, thereby taking the onus to give a meaning to his life, which though did not affiliate to any organized and systematic philosophical discipline is of immense importance and concern, so far as the life of Lester Burnham is concerned. Hence, eventually in the climax, Lester Burnham arrives at a meaningful conclusion that corroborates the essential existential theme that any valid philosophical quest ought to stand on a foundation comprising of the actual experiences of an individual. The eventual demise of Lester Burnham is not only satisfactory and well deserved in the context of his individual struggle, but is also indicative of the possibility of soliciting happiness by proactively engaging in an existential crisis. The existential themes inherent in the movie American Beauty could only be grasped by having a relevant insight into the actual plot and contexts. The central character in the movie that is Lester Burnham is shown to be up against a midlife existential crisis. In the movie Lester Burnham is shown to be a middle aged American male who is both a husband and a father. Lester is shown to be trapped in a marriage that is of no relevant meaning or interest to him. He happens to be the father of a daughter who actually seems to hate him. Lester is also shown to be trapped in a job that not only devoid of any motivation or interest, but also happens to be morally and ethically debasing and from which Lester Burnham intends to escape for the sake of personal peace and well being. It is only after Lester Burnham gets attracted to her daughter’s young and beautiful friend that he begins to assume responsibility for his life, thereby getting actively engaged in asking questions and making decisions that lead to his eventual sad but personally edifying death. In that context, the movie American Beauty f acilitates a deep insight into the actual motivations behind the so called modern life and the commensurate human struggle to seek meaning and personal contentment. The movie presents to the viewers the varied existential themes marking the contemporary life through the existential struggle of the central character Lester Burnham, at the same time shedding light on the vacuity and inanity of the individuals and organizations surrounding Lester Burnham. The plot of the movie thereby serves two purposes, one to unravel the absurdity and ludicrousness hidden behind the conformist notions of life, and second the possibility of seeking happiness and fulfillment in the small things marking the human existence. One existential theme that continually pops up while being engaged in the unraveling of the seemingly banal and mundane life of Lester Burnham is that of authenticity. In a quest for personal meaning and goal, the existential struggle engaged into by the central character that is Le ster Burnham, the character is shown to be living Sartre’s notion of authenticity, thereby practically symbolizing the fact that â€Å"authenticity implies the assumption of one’s moral responsibility, the recognition that one has to decide what is good (Schilpp 96).†Through his existential struggle, Lester Burnham actually establishes that authenticity is possible that even while being numbly engaged in an existential struggle, there does is a personal unity of consciousness, a personal capacity to be a proactive